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Low-voltage, low-resistance measurements E-Handbook

Keithley Instruments, drawing on its long experience in measurements of very small electrical quantities, has published an electronic handbook titled “Making Precision Low Voltage and Low Resistance Measurements.” The downloadable handbook contains links to a wide range of application notes, white papers, webinars, and many other references, and addresses some of today’s toughest low level measurement challenges.

Included in the topics covered are; offset voltages; noise; common-mode current and reversal errors; and a number of low resistance measurement topics. These comprise; lead resistance and the four-wire method; thermoelectric EMFs and offset compensation methods; non-ohmic contacts; device heating; dry circuit testing; and testing inductive devices.
Tips and techniques for ensuring the accuracy of instruments such as voltmeters, ohmmeters, and current sources are included. The handbook also outlines specific low voltage (Hall effect) and low resistance (superconductor resistance) applications and provides a convenient selector guide and low level measurements glossary.